c. 1780/1782–1827
Georgios Karaiskakis
Georgios Karaiskakis rose from a difficult and uncertain early life to become one of the Revolution's most effective military leaders. His final…
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Piraeus
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1853–1856
Greece and the Crimean War
During the Crimean War, many Greeks hoped that Russia's conflict with the Ottoman Empire would allow territorial expansion. Unofficial revolts began in…
Read story →October 1944–January 1945
Liberation and the Dekemvriana
German forces withdrew from Athens in October 1944, and the government-in-exile returned. Disagreement over disarmament, political authority and the role of resistance…
Read story →1946–1947
Liberty Ships and the Rebirth of Greek Shipping
The Second World War destroyed most of the Greek merchant fleet and killed about 2,000 of its sailors. Post-war purchases of American…
Read story →Early 20th century–1950s (UNESCO listing 2017)
Rebetiko: The Music of the Refugees and the City
Rebetiko is an urban song and dance tradition that took shape among working-class Greeks in the early twentieth century. After 1922, refugees…
Read story →1941–1944
The Axis Occupation and the Great Famine
Greece was divided among German, Italian and Bulgarian occupation zones after the military defeat of 1941. The breakdown of transport, requisitioning and…
Read story →Especially 1922–1930
The Settlement of Asia Minor Refugees in Greece
Refugees from Asia Minor, Pontus and Eastern Thrace arrived in a state with limited housing, employment and public resources. Their settlement became…
Read story →c. 524–c. 459 BC
Themistocles and the Power of the Sea
Themistocles was an Athenian statesman and strategist whose naval policy transformed Athens. He played a central role in the Greek victory at…
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